This page collates late interpolations in the text from five of the most intact examples of the Great Stemma— that in the Plutei Codex, in the San Millán de la Cogolla Bible, in the Urgell Beatus, in the Roda Codex and in the Facundus Beatus. This data has been removed from the other three pages of the collation, covering the genealogy of Christ, other non kin and the timeline in the Great Stemma, after clear evidence was found that this data cannot have been written in the Great Stemma at the time of its original authorship.
The division of the text into separate cells during collation was based as much on content as on the divisions used in the source documents. Cells in this collation which represent confirmed gaps in a manuscript, after comparison with the counterparts, are marked with the legend [omitted].
If any reader feels inclined to pinpoint errors, detect mismatches or suggest better translations, the author will be very grateful. You can read four of these manuscripts in the original thanks to high-resolution images on the internet (list).
Especial thanks are due to Seumas Macdonald, who undertook the more difficult translations. Any errors are entirely my own. Latin words on this page can be instantly looked up by using the Alpheios.org Latin translation add-in for the Mozilla Firefox browser.
| Pl or Plutei Codex (Epsilon) | E or San Millán Bible (Delta) | U or Urgell Beatus (Gamma) | Ac or Roda Codex (Alpha) | J or Facundus Beatus (Beta) | No. | English Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Lamec accepit duas huxores | iste Lamech accepit duas uxores | 837 | this Lamech took two wives | glosses Lamech (1), seemingly to launch the gloss that follows |
| ipse occidit Cain | [omitted] | [omitted] | et occisit Cain tritabum suum et per hoc plantarium sanguinis e digamie dilubii protinus pena subvertit | et et occisit Cain tritabum suum et per hoc plantarium sanguinus e digamie dilubii protinu pena subvertit | 838 | and he slew Cain his own great-great-great-grandfather and because of this the offspring of his blood from polygamy was destroyed immediately by the punishment of the Flood. | glosses Lamech (2): cf Jerome Epistulae 79.55.10: primus Lamech maledictus et sanguinarius et de Cain stirpe descendens unam in duas diuisit costam et plantarium digamiae protinus diluuii poena subuertit. |
| [omitted] | Primus ante diluvium Cain civitatem Enoch nomine filii sui in India condidit quam urbem ex sola sua posteritate in plevit. Quod sibi vult, quod impiorum progenies civitatem in ipsa mundi origine construxit? Nisi quod noveris impios in hac vita esse fundatos, sanctos vero hospites esse et peregrinos. Unde et Abel tamquam peregrinus in terra populus Christianus non condidit civitatem. Superna enim est sanctorum civitas | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 839 | Cain was the first to found a city before the Flood: Enoch, in India, which was named after his own son, which city he filled from his own posterity. What does it mean, that the progenitor of the wicked built a city in the very beginning of the world? Merely that we know that the wicked are rooted in this life, but the saints are in fact strangers and aliens. For which reason Abel, just like a stranger in the land, (as are) the people of Christ, did not found a city. For the city of the saints is above. | glosses Cain (5), cites Isidore, Mysticorum, In Genesim, 6: Quid ergo sibi per figuram vult, quod impiorum progenies civitatem in ipsa mundi origine construxit, nisi quod noveris impios in hac vita esse fundatos, sanctos vero hospites esse et peregrinos? Unde et Abel tanquam peregrinus in terris, id est, populus Christianus, non condidit civitatem. Superna est enim sanctorum civitas... (Gorman: Expositio in Vetus Testamentum: Genesis, p. 27). The latter part goes back to Augustine, De Civitate Dei 15.1: scriptum est itaque de Cain, quod condiderit ciuitatem; Abel autem tamquam peregrinus non condidit; superna est enim sanctorum ciuitas |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | iste interpretatur resurrectio eo quod in ipso resucitatum est semen iustum | 840 | the resurrection is understood in this because in him the just seed was revived. | glosses Enosh in a peanut-pod-shaped enclosure. Erroneously transferred from Seth. Isidore's Chronica Maiora 4 has: Seth, qui pro Abel natus est interpretatur que resurrectio quia in ipso resuscitatum est semen iustum. See also Etymologiae VII.5.6. Liber Genealogus 025,1 is similar. See also Augustine De Civitate Deo 15.17 |
| [omitted] | nonnulli namque XIIII annis post diluvium Matusalam vixisse perhibentur quod omnino falsum est ... | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 841 | Whereas Methusaleh is regarded to have lived for fourteen years after the Flood, which is altogether false... | proposes a new solution to the Methusaleh aporia (the data implying Methuselah would have survived the flood by 14 years): 1) Julius Africanus (and the ur-Stemma) propose M was aged 187 (not 167) at first fatherhood; 2) Augustine proposes M dying exactly in year of Flood (De Civitate Dei, 15.11); 3) this solution (read with next cell) argues the legacy data higher up the GS page is false and M really died at age 869, not 969, and thus 86 years before Flood (found thus in Ac/Ca and in Alpha/Beta). cf. Isidore, Chronica Maiora: Enoch annorum CLXV genuit Matusalam, qui iuxta annorum seriem uixisse quattuordecim annis post diluuium reperitur |
| [omitted] | ... nam ante LXXVI annos diluvii Matusala mortuus est | *ante CLXXXVI annos diluvii Matusala mortuus est | ante octuagesimo sexto anno dilubii Matusalam mortuus est | ante octuagesimo sexto anno dilubii Matusalam mortuus est | 842 | ... Methusaleh actually died 86 years before the Great Flood | |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | et factum est post septem dies postquam ingressus est Noe in arca que dilubii inundaverunt terram | 843 | seven days after Noah entered the ark, the flood spread across the earth | glosses Noah: cf. Isidore, In Genesim, 7:15: Quod post septem dies, ex quo ingressus est Noe in arcam, factum est diluvium, quia in spem futurae quietis, |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | incipit secunda etas seculi | 845 | the start of the Second Age | insertion of Isidorian age division |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | acceptit esse potens in terra | et cepit esse potes de terra | 846 | who became the first potentate on earth | glosses Nimrod from Vulgate, Gen 10:8: ipse coepit esse potens in terra |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | et robustus venator coram domino principium regni eius Babilon Erat Achat et Calanne in terra Senaar, de hac terra egressus est Assas et edificavit Ninive et plateas civitatis et Calen, Resem quoquid inter Ninnive et Cale, hec est civitus magna | et robustus venator coram domino principium regni eius Babilon Erat Achat et Calumne in terra Senaar de hac terra egressus est Assur et edificavit Ninive et plateas civitatis et Calen, Resen quoquis inter Ninnive et Cale, hec est civitas magna | 847 | he was a mighty hunter in the eyes of the Lord, in his empire were Babylon, Orech, Archad and Chalanne in the land of Sennaar, and from this country came Ashur who built Nineveh and Rooboth city and Kalach, plus Dasem (between Nineveh and Kalach), this is the great city | glosses Nimrod from Vulgate Gen 10:9-12: Nemrod robustus venator coram Domino, fuit autem principium regni eius Babylon et Arach et Archad et Chalanne in terra Sennaar, de terra illa egressus est Assur et aedificavit Nineven et plateas civitatis et Chale, Resen quoque inter Nineven et Chale haec est civitas magna. Rehoboth-ir can be read as Rooboth City in the Septuagint, hence Jerome's "plateas civitatis". It also shows up in the timeline reference to Ashur below. |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Nebrot gigans turrem edificat in qua discribunt templa marmorea, lapidibus pretiosis, auro que distincta est multa alia; huius Eber tempore turris edificata est factaque linguarum divisio | Nebroth gigans turrem edificavit in qua discribuit templa marmorea, lapidibus pretiosis, auro que distincta; huius Nebroth [sic] tempore turris edificata est factaque linguarum divisio | 848 | Nimrod the giant built this tower in which it is told there were marble temples, precious stones, gold and many other things beyond compare. In the time of the aforesaid Eber, the tower was built and the fragmentation into separate languages took place | Nimrod excursus, re-ordered from Isidore's Chronica Maiora 22: Describunt ibi templa marmorea, lapidibus pretiosis, auro que distincta et multa alia, quae videntur incredibilia, hanc turrim Nembrot gigas construxit |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | huius turris altitudo in quattuor milia centum octuaginta IIIIor dicitur tenere pasuum, qui Nebrot post confusionem linguarum migravit ad Caldeos eosque ignem colere docuit | huiius turris altitudo quattuor milia centum octavginta quattuor dicitur tendre passuum, qui Nebroth post confusionem linguarum migravit ad Caldeos eosque igem colere docuit | 849 | the height of this tower is said to have extended 4184 paces. After the confusion of tongues, Nimrod is said to have moved to the land of the Chaldaeans and taught them to worship fire | Tower of Babel excursus from Isidore's Chronica Maiora 22: Huius turris altitudo quinque milia centum septuaginta quattuor dicitur tenere passuum. Hanc turrem Nebroth gigans construxit, qui post confusionem linguarum migravit inde ad Persas, eos que ignem colere docuit. Note the alterations of the distance (5174/4184) and the destination (Persians/Chaldaeans). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | hec sunt gentes del stirpe Iafet qui a Tauro monte ad a qui lonem mediam partem Asie et omnen Europa usque ad oceanum Brittanicum possident nomina et locis et gentibus relinquenter de quibus postea in matata sunt plurima cetera permanent ut fuerunt | [omitted] | 850 | these are the tribes of the stock of Japheth who possessed the middle part of Asia, from Mt Taurus to the north, and all Europe as far as the Britannic Ocean, leaving names to both places and tribes, many of which remained unchanged in later times. | glosses Japheth (only extant in single roundel in Roda): Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.37: Haec sunt gentes de stirpe Iaphet, quae a Tauro monte ad aquilonem mediam partem Asiae et omnem Europam usque ad Oceanum Brittanicum possident, nomina et locis et gentibus relinquentes; de quibus postea inmutata sunt plurima, cetera permanent ut fuerunt. These are the nations from the stock of Japheth, which occupy the middle region of Asia Minor from Mount Taurus to the north and all of Europe up to the Britannic Ocean, bequeathing their names to both places and people (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Galate id est Galli | a quo Galate id est Galli | 851 | from whom the Galatians, that is to say the Gauls, descend | glosses Gomer: Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.26: Gomer, ex quo Galatae, id est Galli |
| de isto natus Gothi [placed to the right of Gomel] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo arbitra natus Situis et Gotos tranxisse origine | a quo arbitrantur Scitus et Gotos tranxissent originem | 852 | from whom the Scythians and Goths are thought to derive their origin. | glosses Magog: Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.27: Magog, a quo arbitrantur Scythas et Gothos traxisse originem |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Medos existere putant | a quo Medos existere putant | 853 | from whom the Medes are supposed to descend | glosses Medes: Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.28: Madai, a quo Medos existere putant. Madai, from whom people reckon the Medes came to be (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Iones qui et Grici unde et mare Ionium | a quo Iones que est Greci unde et mare Ionium | 854 | from whom the Ionians come, who are the Greeks around the Ionian Sea | glosses Javan: Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.29: Iavan, a quo Iones, qui et Graeci. Unde et mare Ionium. |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Iberi qui et Spani | a quo Iberi quo et Spani | 855 | Tubal, from whom come the Iberians, who are called the Spaniards [Barney translation] | glosses Tubal (1). cf Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.29: Thubal, a quo Iberi, qui et Hispani |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | licet et quidum ex eo Itum io suspicenaur | licet et quidem ex eo Itales suspicintur | 856 | although some think the Italians also sprang from him [Barney translation] | glosses Tubal. cf Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.29: licet quidam ex eo et Italos suspicentur |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Capadoces unde est urbs aput eos Malaca dicitur | a quo Capadoces unde et urbss aput eos Malaca dicitur | 857 | from whom came the Cappadocians; to this day a city in their territory is called Mazaca [Barney translation] | glosses Meshech: this town is Mazaca/Kayseri. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.30: Mosoch, ex quo Cappadoces. Unde et urbs apud eos usque hodie Mazaca dicitur [cf. Josephus] |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ex quo Traces quasi Tiraces [attached by overlap to Elisa] | 858 | from whom came the Thracians, so to speak Tiracians, derive [based on Barney translation] | glosses Tiras. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.31: Thiras, ex quo Thraces; quorum non satis inmutatum vocabulum est, quasi Tiraces |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | hec sunt gentes de stirpe Cam que ad Sidone usque ad Gadtana fretum omnem meridiana partem [tenent?] | hee sunt gentes de stirpe Cam quius a Sidone usque ad Gaditanum fretum omnem meridianam partem [attached to Amatheus and Samariten] | 859 | these are the tribes from the stock of Ham, who possess the whole southern region, from Sidon as far as the Gaditanian Strait. | glosses Hamite group. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.25: Haec sunt gentes de stirpe Cham, quae a Sidone usque ad Gaditanum fretum omnem meridianam partem tenent. These are the nations from the stock of Ham, which extend across the whole southern region from Sidon to the Gaditanian Strait (Barney). fretum Gadditanum = Straits of Cadiz or Gibraltar. |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | et post hos disseminati sunt populi Cananeorum | et post hos diseminati sunt populi Cananeorum | 860 | later the Canaanite tribes scattered | glosses Ham, from Vulgate: Gen 10:18: et post haec disseminati sunt populi Chananeorum |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Levi unde est Mauritanie filiibus Futh dicitur [attached to Cush roundel] | a quo Levi unde et Mauritanie flubius Futh dicitur [text runs on from Futh] | 861 | from whom come the Levi (= Libyans) which is why the river of Mauretania is called Put | glosses Put: Ancestry of Moors. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.11: Phut, a quo Libyi. Unde et Mauretaniae fluvius usque in praesens Phut dicitur. Put, from whom come the Libyans - whence the river of Mauretania is called Put still today (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Afri et Fenices et Channeorum dicem gentes procreate sunt | 862 | from whom the Africans and Phoenicians descend and the ten tribes of Canaanites | glosses Canaan. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.12: Chanaam, a quo Afri et Phoenices et Chananaeorum decem gentes. Note: this matches Hippolytus not Josephus. (Canaan, from whom descended the Africans and Phoenicians and the ten tribes of Canaanites (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ab his divise sunt insule gentium in regionibus suis unus qui sequus isque send..em linguas et su milias et nationibius suis | [omitted] | 863 | from these came the dispersal to the islands of the nations, every one according to his tongue and their families in their nations. | loose gloss along bottom of Roda plate 4, presumably glossing Javan. From Vulgate Gen 10:5: ab his divisae sunt insulae gentium in regionibus suis unusquisque secundum linguam et familias in nationibus suis. Only in Alpha |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | hec sunt gentes de stirpe Sem, possidentes terra meridiani ab ortu solis | hec sunt gentes de stirpe Sem, possidentes terram meridianum ab ortu solis [in two roundels] | 864 | these are people of Shem's stock who possess the southern lands extending from the orient | glosses the Semites as a group. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.9: Haec sunt gentes quae de Sem stirpe descendunt, possidentes terram meridianam ab ortu solis usque ad Phoenices. These are the nations that descend from the stock of Shem, holding the southern lands from the east to the Phoenicians (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Elanitus principes persidis | a quo Elamite principes persidis | 865 | from whom come the Elamites, ancestors of the Persians | glosses Elam: Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.3: Elam, a quo Elamitae principes Persidis. Elam from whom descend the Elamites, princes of the Persians (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Siriorum pallu laui imperium | a quo Assiriorum pullulaie imperium | 866 | from whom come the Assyrians ... | glosses Asshur: Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.3: Assur, a quo Assyriorum pullulavit imperium. Asshur, from whom sprang the empire of the Assyrians (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Lidii | a quo Lidii | 867 | from whom the Laudites descend | glosses Lud Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.3: Ludi, a quo Lydii |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo Siricorum metropolis Damascus | a quo Siriquorum metropolis fuit Damascus | 868 | from whom the Syrians came, their capital being Damascus [Barney translation] | glosses Aram. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.3: Aram, a quo Syri, quorum metropolis fuit Damascus |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo gens Caldeorum exorat est | a quo gens Caldeorum exorta est | 869 | from whom the Chaldeans developed | glosses Arpachshad. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.3: Arphaxat, a quo gens Chaldaeorum exorta est. Arpachshad, from the nation of Chaleans arose (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ex quo Ebrei | ex quo Ebrei | 870 | from whom the Hebrews descend | glosses Eber. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.5: Heber nepos Arphaxat, a quo Hebraei. The grandson of Arpachshad was Eber, from whom descended the Hebrews (Barney). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | omnes ist filii Iectan | omnes ist filii Iectan | 871 | all these are sons of Joktan | glosses Joktan. From Vulgate Gen 10:29, omnes isti filii Iectan. Not from Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.5 which does not match: Iectam filius Heber, a quo Indorum orta est gens |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ex familia Noe iuxta populos ex nationes suas, ab his diviserunt gentes in terra post dilubium | ex familia Noe iuxta populos ex nationes suas, ab his divise sunt gentes in terra post dilubium | 872 | these were the tribes of Noah's sons, according to their descendants and their nations. From these came the dispersal of the nations over the earth after the Great Flood | gloss (1) closing Noah section, from Vulgate Gen 10:32 (seems to have been inserted in the wrong sequence): hae familiae Noe iuxta populos et nationes suas ab his divisae sunt gentes in terra post diluvium |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | et facta est habita quo eorum de Nessa pergentibus usque Sefar montem orientalem | et facta est habitacgo eorum de Nessa pergentibus usque Sefar montem orientalem | 873 | they occupied a stretch of country from Mesha in the direction of Sephar, the eastern mountain range | gloss (2) closing Noah section, from Vulgate Gen 10:30: et facta est habitatio eorum de Messa pergentibus usque Sephar montem orientalem |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | eo quod in diebus ist is divisa est terra id omnis mundus ita [commences the two folios containing mappa mundi] | eo quod in diebus istius divisa est terra omnis mundus ita | 874 | (meaning) in his time the earth was divided | glosses Peleg from Vulgate 10:25: Faleg eo quod in diebus eius divisa sit terra. Isidore does not gloss this in Etymologiae IX.9. cf Vulgate 1 Chronicles 1:19: uni Phaleg quia in diebus eius divisa est terra |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a quo caldei | a quo caldei | 875 | from who the Chaldeans come | glosses Chesed. cf. Isidore Etymologiae IX.2.48: Chasdei, qui nunc Chaldaei vocantur. See also Arpachshad |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Recapitulatio | [omitted] | 876 | Recapitulating | heading for sections below |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Falec: primum templa constructa sunt et suos principes deos appellant | Falech: primum templa constructa sunt et suos principes deos appellant | 877 | in the time of Peleg: the first temples were built and rulers were hailed as gods | Synchronism: Peleg (Isidore Chronica Maiora 24: his temporibus primum templa constructa sunt, et quidam principes gentium tamquam dii adorari coeperunt) |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Ragau: regnum Scitarum primus rex Inacus | Ragau: regnum Scitarum primus rex Inacus | 878 | in the time of Reu, the first Scythian king Inachus | Synchronism with Reu (Isidore Chronica Maiora 25: sub quo scytharum regnum exortum est:ubi primus regnavit Tanaus/Tharus) cf. Africanus who makes Inachus first king of the Argives a contemporary of Moses |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Seruc: regnum Egiptiorum primus rex Zoes | Seruc: regnum Egiptiorum primus rex Zoes | 879 | in the time of Serug, the first Egyptian king Zoes | Synchronism with Serug (Isidore Chronica Maiora 28: Aegiptiorum regnum sumit principium, ubi primus regnavit Zoes; the form Zoes thus carries over to Isidore derivatives, e.g. the Imago Mundi liber III of Honorius Augustodunensis) |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Nahor: regnum Assiriorum primus rex Belus pater Nini qui fecit Babilonia et Siciniorum primus rex Agilialeus | Nahor: regnum Assiriorum primus rex Belus pater Ninni quie fecit Babilonia et siciniorum primus rex Agialeus [placed directly after Babel above] | 880 | in the time of Nahor, the first Assyrian king, Belus, who built Babylon, and the first Sicyonian king Aegialeus | Synchronism with Nahor (Isidore Chronica Maiora 30: sed primus in Assyriis regnavit Belus... priusque in sicyoniis Aegialeus: cf Africanus (F51) who places Aegialeus in the 29th year of Jacob). Zaluska: la phrase Belus pater Nini qui fecit Babiloniam n'est pas d'Isidore. |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Tara pater Abraham: huius tempore ars magica inventa est Zoroastres rex. A Nino rege occiditur | Tara pater Abraham: huius tempore ars magica inventa est Zoroastres rex. A Nino rege occiditur | 881 | in the time of Abraham's father Terah, the invention of the arts of magic, Zoroaster was killed by King Ninus. | Synchronism: Terah and Zoroastrians (makes a bad match with Isidore Chronica Maiora 31a: per idem tempus Ninus rex Assyriorum regnavit ... hac aetate magica ars in Perside a Zoroaste Bactrianorum rege reperta est. A Nino rege occiditur est). |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a dilubio usque ad Abraam anni DCCCCXII hic finit secunda aetas | ad dilubio usque ad Abraam anni ILXII [above Abraham] | 882 | the Second Age to Abraham totals 1072 years | Isidorian insertion. The MSS vary here: 912, 1062 or 1072. The numbers would indicate 1042 to the birth of Abraham |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Abraam et Aran germani filii Tarorum [outside A panel, at left of Keturah] | 883 | Abram and Aran, full sons of Terah | glosses Abram/Aran |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | LXV annorum erat Abraam quando egressus est de Aran iuxta verbum domini dicentis | 884 | Abraham was 75 years old when he left Haran, following the word of God: | Le has 95, J has 65 |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | egredere de terra tua et cetera | 885 | leave behind your own country, etc. | glosses Abraham from Vulgate 12:1: dixit autem Dominus ad Abram egredere de terra tua et de cognatione tua et de domo patris tui |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Abraam primum vocatur est pater videns populum propter Israhel tantum postea appellantur Abraam quod transfertus pater multerum gentium quod erat ad huc per fidem futuri | 886 | At first 'Abram' was so called, 'father seeing the people', with regard to Israel only. Afterward he was called 'Abraham', which is translated 'father of many nations', which was yet to come to pass through faith [Barney translation] | glosses Abraham, from Isidore, Etymologiae VII.7.2: Abram primum uocatus est pater uidens populum, propter Israel scilicet tantum. Postea appellatus est Abraham, quod transfertur pater multarum gentium, quod erat adhuc per fidem futurum (cf. Gen 17:4-8) |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | quia patrem gentium omnium pater [runs on from above] | 887 | garble or repetition in transmission in Facundus? not in Leon | |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ut dominus ait multarum gentium posui te | 888 | as the Lord said, "I have made you the father of many nations" | glosses Abraham, from Isidore, Etymologiae VII.7.2: "quia patrem multarum gentium posui te" (your name shall be Abraham, because I have made you a father of many nations), from Vulgate Gen 17:4: quia patrem multarum gentium constitui te |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | per fidem et operam | 889 | by faith and works | runs on from "father of many nations" gloss |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 890 | Abraham is the first called 'presbyter' or elder in the holy scriptures. | Abraham gloss, death (only in Leon: primus in scripturis sanctis Abraham presbyter vel senior appellatur) |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Rachel id est ovis ut videns principium verni temporis quando veniebat de Mesopotamia obut et sepulta est iuxta bia que ducit Eufratam que alio nomen vocatur Bethlem | 891 | Rachel's name means sheep, she died in the springtime while coming from Mesopotamia, and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). | glosses Rachel: cf Isidore Etymologiae VII.6.37: Rachel interpretatur ovis |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ipsa est Agar | ipsa est Agar [in addition to gloss below] | 892 | she is the same person as Hagar | glosses Keturah |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | ipsa est Agar ancilla Sarre sed mutato nomine sibi eam copulavit in uxore Abraam plerique sic dicunt | 893 | This is the same Hagar, the slavegirl of Sarah, but with her name changed she united with Abraham as wife, and other sources agree on this. | Keturah gloss repeated and expanded in Beta ("she is the same person as Sarah's slave Hagar, but the name has changed"). cf. Jerome (Liber quaestionum hebraicarum in Genesim, 38) Cetura Hebraeo sermone copulata interpretatur aut uincta; quam ob causam suspicantur Hebraei mutato nomine eandem esse Agar, quae saraa mortua de concubina transierit in uxorem. cf. Remigius Altissiodorensis (9C): Cethuram, Iuxta Hebraeos ipsa est Agar mutato nomine quae, mortua Sara, de concubina transiit in uxorem |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | sepelierunt eum Isaac et Samuel in agrum Efron | 894 | he was buried by Isaac and Ishmael in the Field of Ephron | glosses Abraham: abbreviated from Vulgate Gen 25:9: et sepelierunt eum Isaac et Ismahel filii sui in spelunca duplici quae sita est in agro Ephron. cf Isidore De Ortu 15: sepultusque est in agro Ephron |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | cum uxore sua, ubi et Adam sepultum ferunt | 895 | with his wife where Adam is buried | glosses Abraham: origin of this formulation unclear |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | in pace in civtate Arve que est in terra Canaan | 896 | (Sarah died) peacefully at Kiriath-arba in the land of Canaan | glosses Sarah: from Vulgate Gen 23:1-2: vixit autem Sarra centum viginti septem annis et mortua est in civitate Arbee quae est Hebron in terra Chanaan |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Sarai interpretatatur princep mea et quod esset unius tantumodo domus materfamilias, postea causam nominis inmutata ablata de fine littera, dicitur Sarra, id est princeps, omnium hominum que ppe gentium futura erat princeps | 897 | Sarai means 'my princess' because she was the materfamilias of only one household. Afterwards, the rationale for her name changed with the letter i taken away at the end so she was called Sarah, that is 'princess', and in fact was princess of all nations | glosses Sarah (in arch). From Isidore's Etymologiae VII.6.29: Sarai interpretatur princeps mea, eo quod esset unius tantummodo domus materfamilias. Postea causa nominis inmutata, ablata de fine I littera, dicitur Sara, id est princeps. Omnium quippe gentium futura princeps erat |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | sexaginario Isaac nascuntur filii gemini: primus Esau qui est Edom, a quo gens Iudameorum; secundus Iacob, qui posthea Israhel, a quo Israhelitae, qui nunc Iudaei | [omitted] | [omitted] | 898 | twin sons are born to Isaac as a sexagenarian: first Esau, also called Edom, from whom the race of Idumaeans come; secondly Jacob, later called Israel, from whom the Israelites, now called Jews, come | glosses Isaac:his lifespan. Gamma text is Jerome's Latin chronicle, as translated from Eusebius Greek of the Chronological Canons |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | hic quadragenarius duxit uxorem | 899 | he took wife at the age of 40 | glosses Esau: from Vulgate Genesis 26:34: Esau vero quadragenarius duxit uxores |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [in arch:] Iacob supplantator interpretatur duobus modis: siue quando natus est fratris plantam tenebat; siue quia postea fratrem arte decepiit quando benedictionem subripuit. Unde et Esau: iuste vocatur est nomen eius Iacob, supplantavit me ne altera vice | 900 | in two ways, Jacob's name means the supplanter: because when he was born he was grasping his brother's heel, and because afterward he deceived his brother by a stratagem in gaining their father's blessing. Which is why Esau said, Jacob is the right name for him: he has supplanted me yet again. | glosses Jacob from Isidore, Etymologiae VII.7.5: Iacob subplantator interpretatur, siue quod in ortu plantam nascentis fratris adprehenderit, siue quod postea fratrem arte deceperit. Unde et Esau dixit: "Iuste uocatum est nomen eius Iacob, subplantauit enim me ecce secundo" (see also Gen 27:36) |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | id est laboriosa | 901 | this means burdened by labour | glosses Leah: one of the interpolated etymological glosses in Alpha and Beta signalled by "id est .. " or "... interpretatur". From Isidore, Etymologiae VII.6.36: Lia laboriosa, utique generando |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | *quando eum peperit mater, laudem retulit domino dicens: nunc confitebor domino; et hob hoc dictus est ludas a confessione | [omitted] | Iuda confessio retulit [sic] dicitur, quando eum peperit mater, laudem domino dicens: "Nunc confitebor domino." Et ob hoc dictus est ludas a confessione, quod est latine gratiarum actio | 902 | Judah meaning "Acknowledgement": when his mother bore him, she returned praise to God saying, '"Now I will acknowledge the Lord," and because of this he was called "Judas", from the acknowledgement, which in Latin is "act of gratitude". | glosses Judah: from Isidore Etymologiae VII.7.10: Iudas confessio dicitur. Quando enim peperit eum Lia, laudem Domino rettulit dicens: 'Nunc super hoc confitebor Domino,' et ob id vocatus est Iudas. A confessione itaque nomen eius est dictum, quod est gratiarum actio. Barney: Judah is called "the proclamation", for when Leah gave birth to him, she offered up praise to the Lord, saying, "Now over this I will proclaim the Lord," and for this he was called Judah. Accordingly his name was so called from "proclamation," because it is a rendering of thanks. |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Ino eneri, Isaac quum XL esset annorum duxit uxorem Rebeccam filiam Batuelis Siri de Mesopatanium sororem Laban | 903 | Isaac was 40 when he married Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramaean of Paddan-aram, and sister of Laban | glosses Isaac from Vulgate Gen 25:20: qui cum quadraginta esset annorum duxit uxorem Rebeccam filiam Bathuel Syri de Mesopotamiam sororem Laban |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Isaac ex risu nomen accepit, rise(r)at pater, riserat et mater quando eis promissus est, admirantes gaudio | 904 | Isaac obtained his name from laughter: the father had laughed and later the mother had laughed, both in wondering joy, when he was promised | glosses Isaac. From Isidore Etymologiae VII.7.3: Isaac ex risu nomen accepit. Riserat enim pater, quando ei promissus est, admirans in gaudio. Risit et mater, quando per illos tres viros promissus est, dubitans in gaudio. Ex hac ergo causa nomen accepit Isaac; interpretatur enim risus (see Barney page 165) |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Iosep filius Iacob quum sedecim esset annorum pascebat oves cum fratribus suis | 905 | Joseph son of Jacob herded sheep with his brothers when he was 17 | glosses Joseph from Vulgate Gen 37:2: Ioseph cum sedecim esset annorum pascebat gregem cum fratribus suis |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | et XXX annorum erat quando stetit ante pharaonem | 906 | Joseph was 30 when he appeared before the pharaoh | glosses Joseph: origin of this formulation unclear |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | et vidit usque ad tertium generationem filiorum suorum | 907 | Joseph lived to see the third generation of his descendants | glosses Joseph, adapted from Vulgate Gen 50:22: vidit Ephraim filios usque ad tertiam generationem filii quoque Machir filii Manasse nati sunt |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | Abraam usque ad Moisen anni DV | 908 | from Abraham to Moses, 505 years | Period Abraham-Moses. cf Isidore |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | a Moisen usque ad David anni CCCCXXXV | 909 | from Moses to David | Isidorian insertion: Moses-David span |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | noscendum est quod Samuhel levita, non sacerdos, nec pontifex fuerit, unde est faciebat ei mater sua ephath super humerale videlicet lineum, qui habiet proprie levitarum et minoris est hordinis, unde et in psalmis non numerantur inter sacerdotes, sed inter eos qui invocant nomen domini, "Moises et Aaron in sacerdotibus eius et Samuhel inter eos qui invocant nomen Domini." | [omitted] | [omitted] | 910 | we must not forget that Samuel was a Levite, not a priest or high-priest. Hence it was that his mother made for him a linen ephod, that is, a linen garment to go over the shoulders, which was the proper dress of the Levites and of the inferior order. And so he is not named in the Psalms among the priests, but among those who call upon the name of the Lord: “Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among those who call upon his name." [Fremantle translation] | from Jerome, Adversus Jovinianum 1:23: simul que noscendum, quod samuel levita, non sacerdos, non pontifex fuerit. unde et faciebat illi mater sua ephod bad, superhumerale videlicet lineum, qui habitus proprie levitarum et minoris est ordinis. unde et in psalmis non nominatur inter sacerdotes, sed inter eos qui invocant nomen domini: Moyses et Aaron in sacerdotibus eius, et Samuel inter eos, qui invocant nomen eius |
| Gog et Magog, Canuc, Ageth, Acenazel, Defarfoti, Repi, Libusei, Pharisei, Declimei, Garmathei, Armatiani, Caconei, Zamartei, Agrimarcli, Anophargi, Cinecefali, Tasbei, Alanei, Priorsolonici, Armei, Saltarei; | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 911 | Gog and Magog: the Canuc, the Ageth, the Acenazel, the Defarfoti, the Repi, the Libusei, the Pharisei, the Declimei, the Garmathei, the Armatiani, the Caconei, the Zamartei, the Agrimarcli, the Anophargi, the Cinecefali, the Tasbei, the Alanei, the Priorsolonici, the Armei, the Saltarei | Mommsen transcription in MGH AA9, 159 has Assophargi for Anophargi. Conforms to the traditional number in the legend of 22 tribes (including Gog and Magog). |
| iste autem generationes de genere Cham aiunt exortas fuisse, qui propter omnes abhominationes suas, quas egerunt, quia nullam legem habuerunt, ab Alexandro Magno Macedonum regem in partibus aquilonis inclusi sunt; qui ante consummationem seculi egrediuntur quattuor angulos terre et circuibunt universa castra sanctorum et civitatem magnam Romam circumdabunt | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 912 | these are the nations said to have sprung from the children of Ham, who because of all the abominations they committed and because they observed no law were locked up in the northern regions by Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, and who will escape at the end of the world and spread to the four corners of the earth and will besiege the whole camp of the saints and great city of Rome | Mommsen transcription in MGH, AA9, 159 has habominationes for abhominationes, rege for regem [sic]. For Alexander legend, see Alexander's Gate, Gog and Magog by A R Anderson, an opposing theory of Pfister, a review in Speculum, and Hans Daiber on Arabic Orosius. From Rev 20:7: |
| quorum non est numerus, sicut arena quae est in littore maris; cui nulla gens regnum resista | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 913 | they will be beyond counting, like all the sands on the shores of the seas: no people will resist the empire | Based on Rev 20:8, cf VL 20:8 of Tyconius: quorum est numerus sicut harena maris |
| secundum [?] quod ipse per prophetam dicunt: venite omnes bestie agri et volatalia celi venite et congregiamini ad sacrificium magni dei ut commedatis carnes fortium et bibatis sanguinem regum super montem Israhel | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 914 | in respect of which this was said by the prophet: Come to me, beasts of the field and birds of the sky, and gather together for the sacrifice to the greatness of God, to devour the flesh of mighty men and drink the blood of kings, on the mountains of Israel | A combination of Ezekiel 39:18 and Revelation 19:17-18 (venite congregamini ad cenam magnam dei et manducetis (VL(C): edatis) ... carnes fortium...) |
| a quorum intertiu omnis mundus letabunt et invicem sibi munera mittent | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | 915 | from which in the day the whole world will rejoice and give gifts to each other | cf. Vulgate Rev 11:10: gaudebunt super illis iucundabuntur et munera mittent invicem; VL (I): gaudebunt supra illos et epulabuntur et munera mittent sibi invicem |
| [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | [omitted] | de Adam usque ad David generationes XXIIIIor, de Nathan usque ad Christum generationes XXVI, fiunt sub uno de Adam usque ad Christum generationes LXXII | 916 | Interpolated, since there are not in fact 72 generations in the stemma as drawn |
[to be revised]
Back to History Table of Contents
Back to Macro-Typography on the Web
© 2009-2011 Jean-Baptiste Piggin. No copying permitted.